Completely Whole
Defending Freedom During the Dissertation Process
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5195/ie.2025.414Keywords:
CPED dissertation in practice (DiP), applied dissertation, culturally responsive leadership, critical leadership studies, critical inquiryAbstract
This article explores the narratives of two doctoral candidates in a curriculum and instruction program, revealing their dissertation experiences after challenging conventional norms in their coursework. Through qualitative analysis, we identify themes of cultural authenticity, power of the academy, and theory vs. practice. These themes underscore the importance of resisting institutional pressures to maintain traditional structures and learning designs, allowing for innovative research processes. The students’ stories emphasize staying true to the transformative nature of their coursework and themselves. We conclude with recommendations for students and professors interested in re-envisioning the dissertation’s purpose and process.
References
Ahmed, S. (2012). On being included: Racism and diversity in institutional life. Duke University Press.
Anderson, T., Saunders, G., & Alexander, I. (2021). Alternative dissertation formats in education-based doctorates. Higher Education Research & Development, 41(3), 593–612. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2021.1882401
Anderson, G. L., & Herr, K. (1999). The new paradigm wars: Is there room for rigorous practitioner knowledge in schools and universities? Educational Researcher, 28(5), 12–21. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X028005012
Anzaldúa, G. (2007). Borderlands: The new mestiza (4th ed.). Aunt Lute Books.
Anzaldúa, G. (2015). Light in the dark/Luz en lo oscuro: Rewriting identity, spirituality, reality (A. Keating, Ed.). Duke University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1220hmq
Appiah, K. A. (2006). Cosmopolitanism: Ethics in a world of strangers. W. W. Norton & Co.
Archbald, D. (2011). The emergence of the nontraditional doctorate: A historical overview. New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education, 2011(129), 7–19. https://doi.org/10.1002/ace
Au, W., Brown, A. L., & Calderon, D. (2017). Reclaiming the multicultural roots of U.S. curriculum: Communities of color and official knowledge in education. Teachers College Press.
Bartlow, S. R. (2009). ‘Vulnerability as armor’: Embodied spiritual commitments of Alice Walker, Audre Lorde, and Toni Cade Bambara (Order No. 3356011) [Doctoral dissertation, University Name]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global.
Battiste, M. (2013). Decolonizing education: Nourishing the learning spirit. Purich Publishing.
Bellah, R. N., Madsen, R., Sullivan, W. M., Swidler, A., & Tipton, S. M. (1991). The good society. Vintage.
Bhattacharya, K. (2016). The vulnerable academic: Personal narratives and strategic de/colonizing of academic structures. Qualitative Inquiry, 22(5), 309–321.
Biesta, G. (2007). Towards the knowledge democracy? Knowledge production and the civic role of the university. Studies in Philosophy and Education, 26(5), 467–479. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11217-007-9056-0
Bourdieu, P. (1989). Social space and symbolic power. Sociological Theory, 7(1), 14–25. https://doi.org/10.2307/202060
Bourdieu, P., & Passeron, J. C. (1977). Reproduction in education, society, and culture. Sage Publications.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Brooks, D. N. (2017). (Re)conceptualizing love: Moving towards a critical theory of love in education for social justice. Journal of Critical Thought and Praxis, 6(3). https://doi.org/10.31274/jctp-180810-87
Carr, W., & Kemmis, S. (1986). Becoming critical. Falmer Press.
Clandinin, D. J., & Connelly, F. M. (2000). Narrative inquiry: Experience and story in qualitative research. Jossey-Bass.
Collins, P. H. (1993). Learning from the outsider within: The sociological significance of Black feminist thought. In J. Glazer, E. Bensimon, & B. Townsend (Eds.), Women in higher education: A feminist perspective (pp. 45-65). Ginn.
Crenshaw, K. (1989). Demarginalizing the intersection of race and sex: A Black feminist critique of antidiscrimination doctrine, feminist theory, and antiracist politics. University of Chicago Legal Forum, 1989(1), 139–167.
Cunliffe, A. (2004). On becoming a critically reflexive practitioner. Journal of Management Education, 28(4), 407–426.
Erickson, F. (1986). Qualitative research on teaching. In M. C. Wittrock (Ed.), Handbook of research on teaching (3rd ed., pp. 119-161). Macmillan.
Evans-Winters, V. E. (2019). Black feminism in qualitative inquiry: A mosaic for writing our daughters' body. Routledge.
Finlay, L. (2002). "Outing" the researcher: The provenance, process, and practice of reflexivity. Qualitative Health Research, 12(4), 531–545. https://doi.org/10.1177/104973202129120052
Freire, P. (2000). Pedagogy of freedom: Ethics, democracy, and civic courage. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
Freire, P. (1970). Pedagogy of the oppressed. Herder and Herder.
Giddens, A. (1974). Positivism and sociology. Heinemann.
Given, L. M. (2008). The SAGE encyclopedia of qualitative research methods (pp. 332-336). Sage.
Giroux, H. A. (2011). On critical pedagogy. Bloomsbury Academic.
Glasersfeld, E. (1989). Cognition, construction of knowledge, and teaching. Synthese, 80, 121–140.
Godin, B., & Gingras, Y. (2000). The place of universities in the system of knowledge production. Research Policy, 29(2), 273–278.
Guba, E. G., & Lincoln, Y. S. (1989). Fourth generation evaluation. SAGE Publications.
Grande, S. (2004). Red pedagogy: Native American social and political thought. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
Hammersley, M., & Atkinson, P. (1995). Ethnography: Principles in practice. Routledge.
Haraway, D. (1991). Simians, cyborgs, and women. Routledge.
Harding, S. (1991). Whose science? Whose knowledge? Cornell University Press.
hooks, b. (1990). Yearning: Race, gender, and cultural politics. Routledge.
hooks, b. (1994). Teaching to transgress: Education as the practice of freedom. Routledge.
hooks, b. (1999). All about love: New visions. William Morrow.
hooks, b. (2003). Teaching community: A pedagogy of hope. Routledge.
IDEO (2015). The field guide to human-centered design (1st ed.). Available at: https://www.designkit.org/resources/1.html [Accessed 9 May 2022].
Kendi, I. X. (2019). How to be an antiracist. One World/Ballantine.
Kot, F. C., & Hendel, D. D. (2012). Emergence and growth of professional doctorates in the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia: A comparative analysis. Studies in Higher Education, 37(3), 345–364. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2010.516356
Kress, T. M., & Lake, R. L. (2014). Afterword: The politics of currere in alienating times. In W. Pinar & M. Grumet (Eds.), Toward a poor curriculum. Educators International Press.
Lather, P. (1986). Research as praxis. Harvard Educational Review, 56(3), 257–277. https://doi.org/10.17763/haer.56.3.bj2h231877069482
Lauter, E. (1991). Re-visioning creativity: Audre Lorde’s refiguration of Eros as the Black mother within. In Writing the woman artist: Essays on poetics, politics, and portraiture (pp. 398-418). University of Pennsylvania Press.
Lomawaima, K. T., & McCarty, T. L. (2014). Examining and applying safety zone theory: Current policies, practices, and experiences. Journal of American Indian Education, 53(3), 1–10.
Lyiscott, J. (2019). Black appetite. White food: Issues of race, voice, and justice within and beyond the classroom. Routledge.
Malterud, K. (2001). Qualitative research: Standards, challenges, and guidelines. The Lancet, 358(9280), 483–488.
Moore, O. (1984). In search of our mothers' gardens by Alice Walker. Iowa Journal of Literary Studies, 5, 107–110.
Navarro, O. (2020). Fugitive learning through a teacher inquiry group: Urban educators humanizing their classrooms & themselves. The High School Journal, 103(3), 157–175.
Omolade, B. (1994). The rising song of African-American women. Routledge.
Paltridge, B., Starfield, S., Ravelli, L. J., & Tuckwell, K. (2012). Change and stability: Examining the macrostructures of doctoral theses in the visual and performing arts. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 11(4), 332–344.
Paris, D., & Alim, H. S. (2017). Culturally sustaining pedagogies: Teaching and learning for justice in a changing world. Teachers College Press.
Patton, M. Q. (2011). Developmental evaluation: Applying complexity concepts to enhance innovation and use. Guilford Press.
Riessman, C. K. (2008). Narrative methods for the human sciences. SAGE Publications.
Schön, D. A. (1995). The new scholarship requires a new epistemology. Change, 27(6), 27–34.
Smith, L. T. (1999). Decolonizing methodologies: Research and Indigenous peoples. Zed Books.
Smyth, J. (2017). Critical perspectives on educational organizations. Routledge.
Spring, J. (2021). Deculturalization and the struggle for equality: A brief history of the education of dominated cultures in the United States. Routledge.
Tamim, S., & Torres, K. M. (2022). Evolution of the dissertation in practice. Impacting Education: Journal on Transforming Professional Practice, 7(1), 1–3. https://doi.org/10.5195/ie.2022.267
Taysum, A. (2006). The distinctiveness of the EdD within the university tradition. Journal of Educational Administration and History, 38(3), 323–334. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220620600984255
Tierney, W. G., & Sallee, M. W. (2008). Praxis. In L. M. Given (Ed.), The SAGE encyclopedia of qualitative research methods (pp. 332-336). Sage.
Valenzuela, A. (2016). Growing critically conscious teachers: A social justice curriculum for educators of Latino/a youth (1st ed.). Teachers College Press.
Weber, M. (1922). Economy and society. University of California Press.
Yosso, T. J. (2005). Whose culture has capital? A critical race theory discussion of community wealth. Race, Ethnicity, and Education, 8(1), 69–91.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Donna DeGennaro, Julia Lynch, Jennifer Stalls

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- The Author retains copyright in the Work, where the term “Work” shall include all digital objects that may result in subsequent electronic publication or distribution.
- Upon acceptance of the Work, the author shall grant to the Publisher the right of first publication of the Work.
- The Author shall grant to the Publisher and its agents the nonexclusive perpetual right and license to publish, archive, and make accessible the Work in whole or in part in all forms of media now or hereafter known under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License or its equivalent, which, for the avoidance of doubt, allows others to copy, distribute, and transmit the Work under the following conditions:
- Attribution—other users must attribute the Work in the manner specified by the author as indicated on the journal Web site;
- The Author is able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the nonexclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the Work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), as long as there is provided in the document an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post online a prepublication manuscript (but not the Publisher’s final formatted PDF version of the Work) in institutional repositories or on their Websites prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work. Any such posting made before acceptance and publication of the Work shall be updated upon publication to include a reference to the Publisher-assigned DOI (Digital Object Identifier) and a link to the online abstract for the final published Work in the Journal.
- Upon Publisher’s request, the Author agrees to furnish promptly to Publisher, at the Author’s own expense, written evidence of the permissions, licenses, and consents for use of third-party material included within the Work, except as determined by Publisher to be covered by the principles of Fair Use.
- The Author represents and warrants that:
- the Work is the Author’s original work;
- the Author has not transferred, and will not transfer, exclusive rights in the Work to any third party;
- the Work is not pending review or under consideration by another publisher;
- the Work has not previously been published;
- the Work contains no misrepresentation or infringement of the Work or property of other authors or third parties; and
- the Work contains no libel, invasion of privacy, or other unlawful matter.
- The Author agrees to indemnify and hold Publisher harmless from Author’s breach of the representations and warranties contained in Paragraph 6 above, as well as any claim or proceeding relating to Publisher’s use and publication of any content contained in the Work, including third-party content.
Revised 7/16/2018. Revision Description: Removed outdated link.