Reimagining Doctoral Research

Documentary Filmmaking to Advance Social Change

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5195/ie.2025.516

Keywords:

alternative dissertation, non-traditional doctoral candidates, social change, documentary filmmaking research method

Abstract

Documentary filmmaking is presented as a viable research component to doctoral programs in education that center social change. Documentary filmmaking is an established and valid qualitative research option that utilizes academic research skills, critical analysis, and creativity to convey significant findings regarding social issues to a broad audience. The documentary filmmaking format provides doctoral candidates meaningful ways to represent themselves and their specific perspectives in relation to the identified problems of practice. The benefits of utilizing documentary filmmaking as a research method include recording authentic voices of individuals directly associated with the problem of practice, thereby effectively elucidating nuances of the challenges as experienced and spotlighting potential solutions to address the specific problem. Other benefits of this alternative method include broader dissemination, more expansive viewership, and serving as a model form of research to advance social change.

References

Akbar, A.A. (2023). Non-reformist reforms and struggles over life, death, and democracy. Yale Law Journal, 132(8), 2497–2577.

Anderson, T., Saunders, G., & Alexander, I. (2022). Alternative dissertation formats in education-based doctorates. Higher Education Research and Development, 41(3), 593–612. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2020.1867513

Bohnsack, R., Pfaff, N., & Weller, W. (Eds.). (2010). Qualitative analysis and documentary method: In international educational research (1st ed.). Verlag Barbara Budrich. https://doi.org/10.3224/86649236

Ann, J. (Director). (2018a). Finding home. [Film]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iQoxKFPUXUo

Ann, J. (2018b). Bridges and barriers: The educational experience of homeless students and families in Santa Cruz County. (Publication No.10817190) [Doctoral Dissertation, San José State University]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. https://doi.org/10.31979/etd.qz5j-268s

Aravamudhan, R. (Director). (2019a). I can. [Film]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/8L8--5xokfc

Aravamudhan, R. (2019b). Bridging the English language divide and building self-confidence in marginalized communities: An exploratory study in Tamil Nadu, India. (Publication No.13814594) [Doctoral Dissertation, San José State University]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. https://doi.org/10.31979/etd.cnpq-xq38

Bonny E. & Berkes F. (2008). Communicating traditional environmental knowledge: Addressing the diversity of knowledge, audiences and media types. Polar Record, 44(230), 243–253. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0032247408007420

California School Boards Association (2023). CSBA Golden Bell Awards 2023. California School Boards Association. https://publications.csba.org/golden-bell/golden-bell-awards-2023/

Carunungan, G. (Director). (2022a). Math makes sense with math stories. [Film]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QN7Gk0A26IA

Carunungan, M. G. (2022b). An exploratory study on how math stories engage young learners in mathematical sense-making. (Publication No. 29318973) [Doctoral Dissertation, San José State University]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. https://doi.org/10.31979/etd.9khb-3efn

Delgado, R. (1989). Storytelling for oppositionists and others: A plea for narrative. Michigan Law Review. 87(8), 2411–2441.

Duke, N. K., & Beck, S. W. (1999). Research news and comment: Education should consider alternative formats for the dissertation. Educational Researcher, 28(3), 31–36. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X028003031

Engels-Schwarzpaul, A. C., & Peters, M. A. (Eds.). (2013). Of other thoughts: Non-traditional ways to the doctorate: A guidebook for candidates and supervisors. Sense Publishers. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6209-317-1

Estima, S. (2020). Multimodal meaning making and the doctoral dissertation – An exploration of academic forms. (Publication No. 29024535) [Doctoral Dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. http://search.proquest.com.libaccess.sjlibrary.org/dissertations-theses/multimodal-meaning-making-doctoral-dissertation/docview/2637123267/se-2

Evans, S. C., Amaro, C. M., Herbert, R., Blossom, J. B., & Roberts, M. C. (2018). “Are you gonna publish that?" Peer-reviewed publication outcomes of doctoral dissertations in psychology. PloS One, 13(2), e0192219–e0192219. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0192219

Filion, A. (Director). (2019a). Creating safe learning spaces in turbulent times. [Film]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/jlIwrvXLLWY?si=SU7O0h7ZioUOe_ov

Filion, A. (2019b). Experiences of adolescent refugee students who attend afterschool programs for literacy support. (Publication No.13899099) [Doctoral Dissertation, San José State University]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. https://doi.org/10.31979/etd.2fya-a7yd

Fitzgerald, A., & Lowe, M. (2020). Acknowledging documentary filmmaking as not only an output but a research process: A case for quality research practice. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 19. https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406920957462

Friend, J., & Caruthers, L. (2016). Documentary film: The next step in qualitative research to illuminate issues of social justice in urban education. International Journal of Learning, Teaching & Educational Research, 15(6), 33–47.

Friend, J., & Militello, M. (2015). Lights, camera, action: Advancing learning, research, and program evaluation through video production in educational leadership preparation. Journal of Research on Leadership Education, 10(2), 81–103. https://doi.org/10.1177/1942775114561120

Giles, D. (Director). (2024a). Embracing mindfulness-based professional development in early childhood education. [Film]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/g0j64WRBStg?si=YgFbhiIiD2bgM7Wy

Giles, D. (2024b). Embracing mindfulness-based professional development in early childhood education. (Publication No. 31327525) [Doctoral Dissertation, San José State University]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. https://doi.org/10.31979/etd.umvt-hdnm

Gould, J. (2016). What’s the point of the PhD thesis? Nature (London), 535(7610), 26–28. https://doi.org/10.1038/535026a

Grasty, K. (Director). (2023a). Edible learning: Promoting better nutrition in schools. [Film]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/JUo00bBxVdc?si=w5_O7T20jiRXOSKQ

Grasty, K. (2023b). Edible learning: School food service programming and experiential education that promote sustainable agriculture and better nutritional health. (Publication No.

[Doctoral Dissertation, San José State University]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. https://doi.org/10.31979/etd.9gnc-sz46

Gubrium, A., & Harper, K. (2013). Participatory visual and digital methods. Left Coast Press.

Guzman, A. (Director). (2023a). Never too young: Ethnic studies in elementary schools. [Film]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FZOK-tmG_fs

Guzmán, A. R. (2023b). Never too young: The existence, impact, and sustainability of ethnic studies in elementary school. (Publication No. 30569632) [Doctoral Dissertation, San José State University]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. https://doi.org/10.31979/etd.t7u5-3wnj

Jaffer, A. (Director). (2022a). Counseling for social justice. [Film]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/dTXVGUVXe5s?si=Z_-vAv23a9Rncgss

Jaffer, A. (2022b). The role of school counselors in advocating for social justice for all students during the COVID-19 pandemic. (Publication No. 29319537) [Doctoral Dissertation, San José State University]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. https://doi.org/10.31979/etd.s3q9-q2kc

Jaco, T. (Director). (2021a). Fidelity at the forefront: The fight for ethnic studies. [Film]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/BF6sKe9S8T4

Jaco, T. M. (2021b). The criteria for developing a TK-12 ethnic studies model curriculum. (Publication No. 28769115) [Doctoral Dissertation, San José State University]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. https://doi.org/10.31979/etd.6z9g-b972

Kamanzi, A., & Romania, M. (2019). Rethinking confidentiality in qualitative research in the era of big data. The American Behavioral Scientist, 63(6), 743–758. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764219826222

Kamler, B., & Thomson, P. (2008). The failure of dissertation advice books: Toward alternative pedagogies for doctoral writing. Educational Researcher, 37(8), 507–514. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X08327390

Kemmitt, A. (2007). Documentary stories for change: Viewing and producing immigrant narratives as social documents. The Velvet Light Trap, 60(1), 25–36.

Knowles, J. G., & Cole, A. L. (Eds.). (2008). Handbook of the arts in qualitative research: Perspectives, methodologies, examples, and issues. Sage Publications.

Leung, C., & Hawkins, M. R. (2011). Video recording and the research process. TESOL Quarterly, 45(2), 344–354. https://doi.org/10.5054/tq.2011.254526

Loi, D. (2004). A suitcase as a PhD? Exploring the potential of traveling containers to articulate the multiple facets of a research thesis. Working Papers in Art and Design, 3. https://www.herts.ac.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0012/12360/WPIAAD_vol3_loi.pdf

Ma, V. W., Dana, N. F., Adams, A., & Kennedy, B. L. (2018). Understanding the problem of practice: An analysis of professional practice EdD dissertations. Impacting Education: Journal on Transforming Professional Practice, 3(1), 13–22. https://doi.org/10.5195/ie.2018.50

Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2014). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook (3rd ed.). Sage Publications.

Miller, T., & Boulton, M. (2007). Changing constructions of informed consent: Qualitative research and complex social worlds. Social Science & Medicine, 65(11), 2199–2211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.08.009

Milner, H. R. (2007). Race, culture, and researcher positionality: Working through dangers seen, unseen, and unforeseen. Educational Researcher, 36(7), 388–400. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X07309471

Morgan R., Game A. M., & Slutskaya N. (2019). Qualitative research through documentary filmmaking: Questions and possibilities. In Cassell C., Cunliffe A.L., Grandy G. (Eds.), The Sage handbook of qualitative business and management research methods: Methods and challenges (pp. 329-344). Sage Publications.

National Educational Telecommunications Association. (n.d.). NETA programming for producers. National Educational Telecommunications Association. Retrieved June 2, 2024, from https://www.netaonline.org/programming-service/producers

Nichols, B. (2010). Introduction to documentary (2nd ed.). Indiana University Press.

Nwafor, G. (Director). (2021a). The body listens better than the ear. [Film]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jQDjw_KZs20

Nwafor, G. N. (2021b). Corporal Punishment in Eastern Nigeria. (Publication No. 28542547) [Doctoral Dissertation, San José State University]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. https://doi.org/10.31979/etd.usbn-f6sr

Petrarca, D. M., & Hughes, J. M. (2014). Mobilizing knowledge via documentary filmmaking — Is the academy ready? McGill Journal of Education, 49(3), 561–582. https://doi.org/10.7202/1033547ar

Porter, A., Chubin, D., Rossini, F., Boeckmann, M., & Connolly, T. (1982). Views: The role of the dissertation in scientific careers: The first decade of professional life offers insights into the effectiveness of the doctoral dissertation in scientific training. American Scientist, 70(5), 475–481. http://www.jstor.org/stable/27851656

Sossi, D. (2017). Unflattening by Nick Sousanis. Visual Studies, 32(2), 193–194. https://doi.org/10.1080/1472586X.2016.1274198

Stake, R. E. (2010). Qualitative research: Studying how things work. The Guilford Press.

Theoharis, G. (2007). Social justice educational leaders and resistance: Toward a theory of social justice leadership. Educational Administration Quarterly, 43(2), 221–258.

Thomas, J. R., Nelson, J. K., & Magill, R. A. (1986). A case for an alternative format for the thesis/dissertation. Quest (National Association for Kinesiology in Higher Education), 38(2), 116–124. https://doi.org/10.1080/00336297.1986.10483846

Tilford, S., & South, J. (2003). Research education in postgraduate health promotion: Does one size fit all? Health Education Journal, 62(2), 101–112. https://doi.org/10.1177/001789690306200202

Timuș, N., Bartlett, M. E., Bartlett, J. E., Ehrlich, S., & Babutsidze, Z. (2024). Fostering inclusive higher education through universal design for learning and inclusive pedagogy - EU and US faculty perceptions. Higher Education Research and Development, 43(2), 473–487. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2023.2234314

Tran, A. (Director). (2021a). When cell phones come to school. [Film]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/Gbegqle1748?si=VQreZOOxJOrcQSst

Tran, A. (2021b). Perceptions of the influence of cell phones and social media usage on students’ academic performance. (Publication No. 28544418) [Doctoral Dissertation, San José State University]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. https://doi.org/10.31979/etd.543d-exmf

Trautrims, A., Grant, D. B., Cunliffe, A. L. and Wong, C. (2012). Using the “documentary method” to analyze qualitative data in logistics research. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 42(8/9), 828–842. https://doi-org.libaccess.sjlibrary.org/10.1108/09600031211269776

Vargas, S. (Director). (2021a). Kicked out. [Film]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/eXx6JOetIHk

Vargas, S. (2021b). Exploring the deleterious connection between traditional school discipline practices and male Latino students who have endured adverse childhood experiences: An exploratory study in Northern California. (Publication No. 28650562) [Doctoral Dissertation, San José State University]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. https://doi.org/10.31979/etd.nxbs-bw7s

Weber, S. (2008). Visual images in research. In J. G. Knowles & A. L. Cole (Eds.), Handbook of the arts in qualitative research: perspectives, methodologies, examples, and issues (1st ed., pp. 41-53). Sage Publications. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452226545.n4

Williams, A. (n.d.). Dissertation innovations: A podcast dissertation. Profession. https://profession.mla.org/dissertation-innovations-a-podcast-dissertation/

Williams, A. (2020). My gothic dissertation [Audio podcast]. https://www.mygothicdissertation.com/

Zak, R. (2014). Raising creativity: Exploring how creativity can be nurtured in educational contexts. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g8Kl8TFUURU

Downloads

Published

2025-08-01

How to Cite

Jaffer, A., Aravamudhan, R., & Grasty, K. (2025). Reimagining Doctoral Research: Documentary Filmmaking to Advance Social Change . Impacting Education: Journal on Transforming Professional Practice, 10(3), 61–69. https://doi.org/10.5195/ie.2025.516

Issue

Section

Themed-The Present and Future of EdD Alternative Dissertations