Cultivating Change Agents through Effective Program Evaluation
Inaugural Year Insights from an Equity-Oriented EdD Program
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5195/ie.2025.451Keywords:
cohort model, curriculum and instruction, dissertation in practice, Doctor of Education, EdD, educational leadership, social justice education, scholar practitionersAbstract
This article presents insights from X University’s inaugural EdD program, evaluating its curriculum, pedagogy, and innovations through an annual program evaluation. Designed for full-time professionals, this part-time, online program emphasizes interdisciplinary improvements to educational Problems of Practice (PoPs), aligned with the Carnegie Project on the Education Doctorate (CPED). The evaluation revealed students’ high satisfaction with faculty quality and program leadership. The cohort model's role in community building and the flipped defense model were highlighted as progressive educational approaches. Students appreciated the program's relevance to their career goals, with many aiming for academia or administration, while feedback suggested expanded course variety and increasingly flexible scheduling. A key finding is that traditional forms of program evaluation may not support the goals of innovative programs. This article, therefore, concludes with strategic recommendations for using the evaluation process as a core element for program enhancement, guided by its commitment to social justice and educational equity.
References
Akour, M., & Alenezi, M. (2022). Higher education future in the era of digital transformation. Education Sciences, 12(784). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12110784
Barnett, B. G., Basom, M. R., Yerkes, D. M., & Norris, C. J. (2000). Cohorts in educational leadership programs: Benefits, difficulties, and the potential for developing school leaders. Educational Administration Quarterly, 36(2), 255–282.
Bovill, C. (2020). Co-creation in learning and teaching: The case for a whole-class approach in higher education. Higher Education, 79, 1023–1037. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-019-00453-w
Brauer, D. G., & Ferguson, K. J. (2015). The integrated curriculum in medical education: AMEE Guide No. 96. Medical Teacher, 37, 312–322.
Brill, J. L., Balcanoff, K. K., Land, D., Gogarty, M., & Turner, F. (2014). Best practices in doctoral retention: Mentoring. Higher Learning Research Communications, 4(2), 26–37.
Butterwick, S., Cockell, J., McArthur-Blair, J., MacIver, S., & Rodrigues, J. (2012). Connectivity and collectivity in a doctoral cohort program: An academic memoir in five parts. Alberta Journal of Educational Research, 57(4), 446–459.
Cañas, A. J., Coffey, J. W., Carnot, M. J., Feltovich, P., Hoffman, R. R., Feltovich, J., & Novak, J. D. (2003). A summary of literature pertaining to the use of concept mapping techniques and technologies for education and performance support. Report to the Chief of Naval Education and Training, 1–108.
Carnegie Project on the Education Doctorate. (2022). https://www.cpedinitiative.org
Castro, M. D. B., & Tumibay, G. M. (2021). A literature review: Efficacy of online learning courses for higher education institution using meta-analysis. Education and Information Technologies, 26, 1367–1385. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-019-10027-z
Clark, T., & Barbour, M. K. (Eds.). (2015). Online, blended and distance education in schools: Building successful programs. Stylus Publishing.
Cochran-Smith, M., & Reagan, E. (2022). Beyond “best practices”: Centering equity in teacher preparation evaluation. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 30(66), 1–39. https://doi.org/10.14507/epaa.30.7040
Cuevas, N. M., Matveev, A. G., & Miller, K. O. (2010). Mapping general education outcomes in the major: Intentionality and transparency. Peer Review, 12(1), 10–15.
Frye, A. W., & Hemmer, P. A. (2012). Program evaluation models and related theories: AMEE Guide No. 67. Medical Teacher, 34(5), e288-e299. https://doi.org/10.3109/0142159X.2012.668637
Furman, G. (2012). Social justice leadership as praxis: Developing capacities through preparation programs. Educational Administration Quarterly, 48(2), 191–229. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X11427394
Glazer, F. S. (2012). Blended Learning: Across the disciplines, Across the academy. Stylus Publishing.
Haleem, A., Javaid, M., Qadri, M. A., & Suman, R. (2022). Understanding the role of digital technologies in education: A review. Sustainable Operations and Computers, 3, 275–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susoc.2022.05.004
Holland, J. W. (1998). Mentoring and the faculty development of African-American doctoral students. In H. T. Frierson, Jr. (Ed.), Diversity in Higher Education, Vol. 2 (pp. 17-40).
Jean-Marie, G., Normore, A. H., & Brooks, J. S. (2009). Leadership for social justice: Preparing 21st-century school leaders for a new social order. Journal of Research on Leadership. Education, 4(Article 1).
Jorgensen, D. (2003). The challenges and benefits of asynchronous learning networks. The Reference Librarian, 37(77), 3–16. https://doi.org/10.1300/J120v37n77_02
Karalis Noel, T., Gorlewski, J., & Kearney, E. (2020). SMACKtivism: A program redesign so good, you won’t know what hit you. Impacting Education: Journal on Transforming Professional Practice, 5(2), 3–10. https://doi.org/10.5195/ie.2020.112
Lam, P., Ng, H.,& Tse, A.,Lu, M.,& Wong, B. (2020). eLearning technology and the advancement of practical constructivist pedagogies: Illustrations from classroom observations. Education and Information Technologies, 26, 89–101. 10.1007/s10639-020-10245-w
Leland, A. S., Firestone, W. A., Perry, J. A., & McKeon, R. T. (2020). Examining cohort models in the education doctorate. Studies in Graduate and Postdoctoral Education, 11(3), 249–262. https://doi.org/10.1108/SGPE-01-2020-0004
Lo, C. K., & Hew, K. F. (2019). The impact of flipped classrooms on student achievement in engineering education: A meta-analysis of 10 years of research. Journal of Engineering Education, 108, 523–546.
Lucas, H., & Kinsman, J. (2016). Distance- and blended-learning in global health research: Potentials and challenges. Global Health Action, 9, 33429.
Park, C. Y.; Kim, J. (2020). Education, skill training, and lifelong learning in the era of technological revolution. Asian Development Bank Economics Working Paper Series, 34, 3–9.
Patton, M. Q. (2017). Pedagogical principles of evaluation: Interpreting Freire. In M. Q. Patton (Ed.), New Directions for Evaluation: No. 155. Pedagogy of evaluation (pp. 49-77). John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/ev.20260
Qureshi, M. I., Khan, N., Raza, H., Imran, A., & Ismail, F. (2021). Digital technologies in education 4.0. Does it enhance the effectiveness of learning? A systematic literature review. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies, 15(4).
Rawle, F., Bowen, T., Murck, B., & Hong, R. (2017). Curriculum mapping across the disciplines: Differences, approaches, and strategies. Collected Essays on Learning and Teaching, 10, 75–88.
Sallese, M. R., Fogarty, M.., Whiteside, E., & Montague, M. (2023). Multi-Tiered System of Supports for Teacher Preparation: A Framework to Attract, Retain, and Prepare Special Educators. Journal of Special Education Preparation, 3(1), 34–45. https://doi.org/10.33043/JOSEP.3.1.34-45
Schlosser, L. Z., Knox, S., Moskovitz, A. R., & Hill, C. E. (2003). A qualitative examination of graduate advising relationships: The advisee perspective. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 50, 178–188.
Seifert, K., & Mandzuk, D. (2006). Student cohorts in teacher education: Support groups or intellectual communities? Teachers College Record, 108(7), 1296–1320.
Shields, C. M. (2002). Thinking about community from a student perspective. In Furman, G. (Ed.), School as Community: From Promise to Practice (pp. 197-215). SUNY Press.
Shields, C. M., & Hesbol, K. A. (2020). Transformative leadership approaches to inclusion, equity, and social justice. Journal of School Leadership, 30(1), 3–22. https://doi.org/10.1177/1052684619873343
Shulman, L. S. (2005). Signature pedagogies in the professions. Daedalus, 134(3), 52–59. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20027998
Suàrez-Herrera, J., Springett, J., & Kagan, C. (2009). Critical connections between participatory evaluation, organizational learning and intentional change in pluralistic organizations. Evaluation, 15(3), 321–342.
Taylor, A. (2007). Learning to become researching professionals: The case of the doctorate of education. International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 19(2), 154–166.
Treadwell, I., Ahlers, O., & Botha, G. C. (2019). Initiating curriculum mapping on the web-based, interactive learning opportunities, objectives, and outcome platform (LOOOP). African Journal of Health Professions Education, 11(1), 27–31. https://doi.org/10.7196/AJHPE.2019.v11i1.1073
Wang, F. (2018). Social justice leadership—Theory and practice: A case of Ontario. Educational Administration Quarterly, 54(3), 470–498.
Zinkhan, G. (2005). The marketplace, emerging technology and marketing theory. Marketing Theory, 5, 105–115.
Yordanova, K. (2007). Mobile learning and integration of advanced technologies in education. In Proceedings of the 2007 International Conference on Computer Systems and Technologies (pp. 1-6).
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Tiffany Karalis Noel, Julie Gorlewski

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- The Author retains copyright in the Work, where the term “Work” shall include all digital objects that may result in subsequent electronic publication or distribution.
- Upon acceptance of the Work, the author shall grant to the Publisher the right of first publication of the Work.
- The Author shall grant to the Publisher and its agents the nonexclusive perpetual right and license to publish, archive, and make accessible the Work in whole or in part in all forms of media now or hereafter known under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License or its equivalent, which, for the avoidance of doubt, allows others to copy, distribute, and transmit the Work under the following conditions:
- Attribution—other users must attribute the Work in the manner specified by the author as indicated on the journal Web site;
- The Author is able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the nonexclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the Work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), as long as there is provided in the document an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post online a prepublication manuscript (but not the Publisher’s final formatted PDF version of the Work) in institutional repositories or on their Websites prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work. Any such posting made before acceptance and publication of the Work shall be updated upon publication to include a reference to the Publisher-assigned DOI (Digital Object Identifier) and a link to the online abstract for the final published Work in the Journal.
- Upon Publisher’s request, the Author agrees to furnish promptly to Publisher, at the Author’s own expense, written evidence of the permissions, licenses, and consents for use of third-party material included within the Work, except as determined by Publisher to be covered by the principles of Fair Use.
- The Author represents and warrants that:
- the Work is the Author’s original work;
- the Author has not transferred, and will not transfer, exclusive rights in the Work to any third party;
- the Work is not pending review or under consideration by another publisher;
- the Work has not previously been published;
- the Work contains no misrepresentation or infringement of the Work or property of other authors or third parties; and
- the Work contains no libel, invasion of privacy, or other unlawful matter.
- The Author agrees to indemnify and hold Publisher harmless from Author’s breach of the representations and warranties contained in Paragraph 6 above, as well as any claim or proceeding relating to Publisher’s use and publication of any content contained in the Work, including third-party content.
Revised 7/16/2018. Revision Description: Removed outdated link.